A wellhead is a component of an oil or gas well. Oil or gas comes out of the well on the casing side, which is usually gas. Sometimes, liquids are produced as well. The wellhead connects to production equipment using a flow line. It is typically secured using ball valves. This article will describe wellhead construction and function. If you’re looking for information on wellheads, read on!
Wellhead
The casing head is the main part of the wellhead, which is made up of heavy fittings. This piece of equipment is located at the opening of the well, and it is responsible for preventing leaks and blowouts caused by high pressure. The pressure at the wellhead is derived from a mathematical formula. Natural gas wellhead prices are determined by the wholesale price of natural gas at the point of production. There are no government regulations that determine the price, so market competition is the most significant factor.
Christmas tree
A Christmas tree wellhead is an integral component of an oil and gas well in oil & gas engineering company. This device provides numerous functions, including opening and closing the well, regulating flow rates, and placing the well in safe operating conditions. Among its many features are its swab valve and well monitoring points, such as pressure, temperature, and corrosion. The Christmas tree is a versatile tool for well management, and the well is designed to withstand the rigors of an oil and gas drilling operation.
While Christmas trees can be found in both conventional and fracking operations, they often come with a Modular Wellsite Packages service valve. These are installed on the other arm of a Christmas tree and typically serve as a conduit for the downhole safety valve. Xmas trees can be distinguished by their appearance, as they resemble a decorated Christmas tree. While they are not as large as the typical Christmas tree, they are still very useful in oil and gas drilling operations.
Perforated completions
The perforations are one of the elemental pieces of the inflow section of a well. The flow path they create can have a significant impact on the total completion efficiency. A wellhead with perforations is more efficient than one without.
A conventional perforated completion consists of a production casing inserted into a wellhole. Its sides are perforated, allowing hydrocarbons to flow into the well hole. Perforating is done using specialized equipment. Older perforating techniques used bullets or small guns lowered into the well and firing small bullets through the casing. Today, jet perforating has become a preferred method.
Controlling pressure
If you want to control the pressure in your well, you can change the size of the tubing and wellhead pressure. To do this, you can use a table of IPR data. For example, in Example 7-16, assume that THP is 100 psi and that tubing ID is 2.441 inches. Also, remember to factor in the temperature gradient of the well. A wellhead leak can cause pressure to rise, and you must repair it.
The main components of a wellhead control panel are the hydraulic power unit, tubing and fitting, instrument valve, and electrical control devices. The hydraulic power unit supplies the hydraulic resource needed to open and close the SSVs. The other parts of the wellhead control panel are the pressure gauge and the choke. The wellhead control panel will help you maintain the desired pressure and tubing levels in the well. In addition to regulating pressure, this tool also provides an interface with your Emergency Shutdown System (ESV).
Access to main bore of casing or tubing
The wellhead system terminates the casing and tubing strings, providing access to the main bore and annulus and allowing drilling and completion activities. Wellheads contain multiple barriers, reducing the risk of equipment failures. The casing and tubing hanger are pressure-containment equipment. Tubing hangers can have polymer or rubber sealing rings. Tubing hangers have multiple protective mechanisms, including pressure relief valves and anechoic chambers.
When working in tight places, access to the main bore of casing or tubing may be challenging. In some cases, it’s easier to work in tight places, such as inside the main bore of the tubing. The main bore of a casing or tubing can be accessed with a rotary hammer and chisels. A wireline BOP, meanwhile, can help with access to the main bore.
Types of lifting equipment
Lifting equipment for a wellhead can be of two types. Continuous gas lift and intermittent gas lift are both available. In intermittent gas lift, the injection and drainage of gas are conducted in a series of intervals. The first type is used for low-pressure, high-productivity wells. The latter type is used for high-pressure, low-productivity wells. There are many differences between these two types of lifting equipment.
The casing head consists of heavy fittings and provides a seal between the formation and surface. It supports the entire length of the casing and is usually equipped with a gripping mechanism to maintain a tight seal. The second type is used for oil wells. It consists of a tubing hanger and a jacking valve. The jacking valve is a four-way valve installed on the casing. The tubing hanger, on the other hand, is a cone-shaped device that seals the space below the perforations of the casing.
